b'MUDD 25 - Urban Intensity l Urban Design - Sydneybuilt form can be a technical task as much evidenceconstraints.The model presents no utopian future (from abstract theory and case studies) exists tobut appears to address more of the concerns that support defining process.Our knowledge is however,urban designers will have to contend with during the fragmentary and incomplete and based on evidencenext twenty-five years, and with fewer negative side-drawn from the present and the past.Many designerseffects.We can look no further ahead than that.All find the evidence gets in the way of what they want tourban designs have to be created under uncertainty, but do to satisfy themselves.They want to get their owndesigns based on rich programs that are based on the jollies.On top of it all we are trapped by our pastcompact city model will achieve much.experiences.We are however, designing for the future.Decisions have to be made so we have to take many leaps of faith. Our understanding of such matters as the relationship between patterns of behaviour settings and the requirements of various people, other species, theReferencesbio-diverse world of vegetation and soils is often rudimentary.We know surprisingly little about suchBay, J.H.P. & Lehmann, S. (eds)2017,Growing Compact: urban form, density, and sustainability,Routledge,New York. matters as how patterns of built form shape the flow of breezes through a city and how they may also flush outBazjanac, V.1974,Architecture design theory: models of the design process, in: Spillers, W.R. (ed.)Basic Questions of Design Theory,pollutants.It is thus easier to fall back on paradigmsAmerican Elsevier,New York,pp.3-20. that produce satisficing solutions and do well in terms Dantzig, G.B. & Saaty, T.L.1973,Compact City: a plan for a liveable of returning a profit on the capital invested by propertyurban environment,Freeman,San Francisco.developers and their sponsoring agencies, public or de Roo, G. & Miller, D. (eds)2000,Compact Cities and Sustainable private.Urban Development: a cultural assessment of policies and plans from an international perspective,Ashgate,Farnham. Program versus Paradigm Revisited Francescato, G.1989,Paradigm lost: exploring possibilities in While it is difficult to logically argue against a program- environmental design research and practice, in: Hardie, G., Moore, R. & based approach to design being the basis for urbanSanoff, H. (eds)Changing Paradigms, EDRA 20, Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Environmental Design Research Association,design, as a discipline, to move ahead, it is also highlyBlack Mountain,North Carolina,EDRA,Oklahoma City,pp.63-67.probable, although it has not been demonstrated, that Lang, J.2020,Programmes and paradigms in urban design,Journal of no designer approaches the design task without someUrban Design,vol.21 no.1,pp.20-22.preconceived notion, a paradigm, for the design in mind.Lang, J. & Marshall, N.2017,Notes on the designing or upgrading of In addition, identifying the goals of a design, working outsquares, in Urban Squares as Places, Links and Displays,Routledge,the patterns required to achieve them, and synthesizingNew York,pp.281-292.a solution takes time.Working with a variety of, and onLang, J. & Moleski, W. 2010, Functionalism Revisited: architectural theory behalf of, a range of people still needs a substantiveand practice and the behavioral sciences, Ashgate, Farnham.paradigm to guide it (Rowe 1982).The question is: Lawson, B. 1990, How Designers Think: the design process demystified, What is the nature of this paradigm? 2nd ed., Oxford Butterworth Architecture, Oxford.Rowe, C. 1982, Program vs. paradigm: otherwise casual notes on The compact city model is the paradigm that addressesthe programmatic, the typical and the possible,Cornell Journal of many of the current range of difficult to defineArchitecture,vol.2,pp.8-18.problems and issues facing urban designers (DantzigSherwood, R. 1978, Modern Housing Prototypes, Harvard University & Saaty 1973, de Roo & Miller 2000, Bay & LehmannPress, Cambridge, MA. 2017).These concerns include designing for swellingSchn, D. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner: how professionals think in populations, for diverse people, other animate as wellaction, Basic Books, New York. as inanimate species, sustainable natural environments, Wolfe, T. 1981, From Bauhaus to Our House, Farrar Straus & Giroux, New and reducing energy consumption within tight fiscalYork.18P1-20200229-FOLIO INTRO.indd 21 2020/3/5 23:49:32'