b'ReferencesFischer, K.F. 2014, Berlins international building exhibitions 1957 and 1984/87, in: Freestone, R. & Amati, M. (eds) Exhibitions and the Development of Modern Planning Culture, Lund Humphries, London, pp.261-276.Fischer, K.F. 2016, City Visions and Berlin, in: MUDD Yearbook 2015-2016, pp.12-13.Fischer, K.F. & Altrock, U. (eds) 2018, Windows Upon Planning History, Routledge, Abingdon.Fischer, K. F. 2018, Examining long-range trajectories in planning historywindows of research in Germany, in: Windows Upon Planning History, Routledge, Abingdon, pp.64-76.Fischer, K. F. & Morandini, A. 2019, Competitions and land release strategieswindows upon two European case studies: HafenCity, Hamburg and Koge Kyst, Copenhagen, Architecture Bulletin NSW, vol 45 no.4, March, pp.20-25.Hebbert, M. 2006, Town planning versus urbanismo, Planning Perspectives, vol.21 no.3, pp.233-251.Kunzmann, K. R. 2020, Urban design: some footnotes from a German perspective, Journal of Urban Design, vol.25 no.1, pp.25-28.Australian Institute of Architects2019, National Architecture Awards 2019 https://www.architecture.com.au/2019-national-architecture-awards/winners/, accessed 20/02/2020.Rossi, A. 1982, The Architecture of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.1.Karl Fischer, UNSW Reid Lecture, Learning From Europe? 2011.2.Those colleagues included Harald Bodenschatz from TU Berlin, one of Germanys leading planning historians, and the Director of the German Federal Foundation for Building Culture, Reiner Nagel, who presented the 2017 Reid Lecture.3.Hubertus Legge, German Consul General, 2013.4.Fischer 2016, p.12.5.In particular the significant works by Emeritus Professor Alexander Cuthbert and Emeritus Professor Jon Lang.6.Australian Institute of Architects 2020.7.Rossi 1982.8.Hebbert 2006. 9.Hebbert 2006, p.247.10.I have described the adventure of the ascent, eclipse and re-discovery of these approaches at the university of Aachen in my chapter on long-term trajectories in Fischer & Altrock 2018, pp.64-76. 11.The key figures in this context were Gordon Cherry, Anthony Sutcliffe, Giorgio Piccinato and Juan Rodrguez Lores.12.Fischer 2014, p.13.13.Kunzmann 2020, p.26.14.The application of a host of German planning laws and instruments requires the declaration or indeed strict proof of public interest (Nachweis des oeffentlichen Interesses), e.g.136 Sec. 1 Federal Building Code. Since the public interest cannot be defined in a similar way as physical measures, it is always the result of deliberation and lastly political decision making15.Fischer 2019, p.24.16.Kunzmann 2020, p.26.15P1-20200229-FOLIO INTRO.indd 18 2020/3/5 21:43:15'